COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

What is Computer Program?

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A computer program is a sequence of instructions that can be executed by a computer (CPU) that performs a certain task intentioned by the programmer.

Software
• Software makes a computer intelligent.
• Software are also known as programs.
• Microsoft Word, Microsoft Windows are examples of Software.
• Software is developed using programming languages.

Generation of Computer Languages

[1] First Generation Programming Languages
• Used codes directly understandable by CPU.
• Machine Language used from 1940
• Instructions and data are in Binary digits (1s and 0s).

[2] Second Generation Programming Languages

• Assembly Language from 1950
• Used simple English words instead of numerical instruction codes.
• These words were called mnemonics.
• Instructions given using
mnemonics were translated
to machine code using
assemblers.

[3] Third Generation Programming Languages
• Introduced in the late 1950
• Closer to English and Mathematics.
• High Level Programming Languages.
• Easy to learn and program.
• Computer cannot understand programs written in High Level Languages.
• A translator is needed to convert the program into machine code.
• Most Languages used today are third generation Languages.
[4] Fourth Generation Programming Languages
• Programming Languages used in a small and very highly specialized application domain.
• Non-procedural languages (Ex: SQL)
• For example, a SCREEN PAINTER, a REPORT GENERATOR and an QUERY LANGUAGE are all examples of "pure" fourth generation languages.

[5] Fifth Generation Programming Languages

• Languages which use syntax like Natural Languages
• Languages which use Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Best Programming Languages.

VB.NET, JAVA, Visual Basic,C++,C#, C++.NET, ASP.NET,PHP,……

Best Databases

SQL Server,Oracle,Foxpro,MS Access,….

Systems Analysis & Design

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Refers to the process of examining business situation with the intention of improving it through better methods.

Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

Basic Principles of Systems Development

n The system is for the end user (EX: ATM)
n Break the process in to several parts & determine the costs & duration
n Documentations should be prepared in end of every phase
n Benefits should be greater than costs
n Designed system should be able to cope with the changes
n
Stages of SDLC

n Feasibility
n Analysis
n Design
n Implementation
n Maintenance

Testing and Debugging the Program

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Once the program has been typed in to the computer,
you are ready to see if it really works.

The process of finding and correcting any errors is called Debugging.

Program errors

• Once coding is complete, you will enter the program to the computer.
• Then the computer will convert it to the machine language and then compile it by using any compiler.
• Compilation means converting the source code in to a machine language.

Types of program errors

q Syntax errors
q Logical errors
q Runtime errors

FACT FINDING TECHNIQUES

1) Interviewing
2) Observation
3) Questionnaires
4) JAD